NT in Review (Biology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

NT in Review (Biology) - Essay Example For it is evident that man has been trying to explain the world around him for almost as long as he appeared on earth. We do not know whether there exist other species with similar proclivity, but with humans this need is evident. Despite warnings of dire consequences, Adam did pluck the fruit of knowledge didn’t he? At one level questions were of metaphysical nature and on the other they involved scientific knowledge. Earliest scientific study was mainly in the areas of Physical Science, questioning the nature of matter, energy and motion. The Greek philosophers applied their minds to these questions using logic alone in a dialectical reasoning. Aristotle made an attempt at compiling all that was known then. He wrote an entire treatise catalogueing hundreds of living animals. Following this tradition Biology was confined to making detailed observations about plants and animals right uptil the 17th century. As the data grew a need was felt to work out an effective system of classification. A Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus formulated the system of binomial nomenclature (naming a living organism using two different names, one of its genus and the other of its species). For example, Homo sapiens is the biological name for the modern man. This was an important step in systematising biological kno wledge. Even in its most rudimentary stage it was recognized that living beings were distinctly different from the rest of the physical world. One group of scientists proposed that there was some kind of ‘vital force’ acting within them that accounted for this distinction while others argued that living things were reducible to physical and chemical laws. Their theory was called the ‘mechanistic’ theory. The advocates of the ‘vital force’ theory declared that certain aspects of living organisms could not be explained with science and in fact science should not even attempt to meddle with the study of

Apush Sample Frqs Essay Example for Free

Apush Sample Frqs Essay 1. The French and Indian War (1754-1763) altered the relationship between Britain and its North American colonies. Assess this change with regard to TWO of the following in the period between 1763 and 1775. Land acquisition ​Politics ​Economics 2. Evaluate the extent to which the Articles of Confederation were effective in solving the problems that confronted the new nation. 3. Although the power of the national government increased during the early republic, this development often faced serious opposition. Compare the motives and effectiveness of those opposed to the growing power of the national government in TWO of the following. Whiskey Rebellion, 1794 Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, 1798-1799 Hartford Convention, 1814-1815 Nullification Crisis, 1832-1833 4. Analyze the contributions of TWO of the following in helping establish a stable government after the adoption of the Constitution. John Adams ​Thomas Jefferson ​George Washington (2002) 5. Analyze the extent to which TWO of the following influenced the development of democracy between 1820 and 1840. Jacksonian economic policy Changes in electoral politics Second Great Awakening Westward movement 6. The Jacksonian Period (1824-1848) has been celebrated as the era of the common man. To what extent did the period live up to its characterization? Consider TWO of the following in your response. Economic development ​Politics ​Reform movements 7. In what ways did the Second Great Awakening in the North influence TWO of the following? Abolitionism Temperance The cult of domesticity Utopian communities 8. Although Americans perceived Manifest Destiny as a benevolent movement, it was in fact an aggressive imperialism pursued at the expense of others. Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to American expansionism in the 1840s. 9. Analyze the effectiveness of political compromise in reducing sectional tensions in the period 1820-1861. 10. Discuss the political, economic, and social reforms introduced in the South between 1864 and 1877. To what extent did these reforms survive the Compromise of 1877? 11. Analyze the impact of any TWO of the following on the American industrial worker between 1865 and 1900. Government actions ​Labor Unions ​Immigration ​Technology changes 12. Analyze the reasons for the emergence of the Populist movement in the late nineteenth century.

Human Nature in Bartholomae and Petroskys Our Time, Theft, and Music of the Swamp :: Petrosky Our Time Essays Theft Essays

Human Nature in Bartholomae and Petrosky's Our Time, Theft, and Music of the Swamp Why should college students read the stories that are assigned in English courses? Other than to satisfy the professor, what is the purpose of reading these difficult writings of people we don't know or care about? Many of these students find themselves asking, "What is this writer talking about?" Confused, some quickly give up trying to understand the story and make reading something just to get through, diminishing both their understanding and their grade. Knowing what these writers are trying to explain makes their stories much easier to read. Throughout history, we humans have tried to understand why we do the things we do. To aid in our understanding, many storytellers throughout literary history have written fictional and non-fictional stories about human nature to help others, as well as themselves understand. Human nature is what the writers of Our Time, Theft, and Music of the Swamp, three excerpts from the anthology Ways of Reading edited by David Bartholomae and Ant hony Petrosky, often read in English courses, are trying to explore. My personal story, Chinese Food Can Save Your Life, written for my English composition course is also an example of this exploration. The human nature in these stories is to blame other people, places, or situations for failures and general unhappiness. Most readers can probably relate to this since at one point or another, they have thought that, if they just had some extra money, a better job, a different lover, a new home, or a better childhood, they could be happier. To assign the blame to other people and things is easier than to point the finger at ourselves. Although a few things individuals are not responsible for do exist, such as ethnicity and hereditary characteristics, most of the things good or bad that happen to us are a result of choices we have made. In these stories, this human compulsion to obsess for what we (supposedly) don't have destroys any possibility of obtaining the particular possession. In Theft a chapter from Joyce Carol Oates' novel Marya: A Life, the main character Marya blames dependency for her unhappiness. Early in Marya's life she decided that dependence on other people and involvement in relationships resulted in her limited freedom.

Why There is no Model Family? Essay -- Family Psychology, Family Value

â€Å"Family Aint Shit†: Why There is no Model Family A picture that pops into mind when one thinks of the term â€Å"family†: Mother prepares dinner, Father comes home from a hard day’s work, and the children walk into the house from school. The group sits at the dinner table and discusses the day’s activities with a genuine smile on their faces. Everything for this family is perfect. This example is just a traditional family portrait and is far from the reality of many modern families. It is so far from reality that the entire definition of â€Å"family† can be skewed into whatever subjective opinion one wants. Cold-blooded, homicidal menaces to society can create a â€Å"family† by forming a gang which may have more inner peace than a dysfunctional blood family. Friends can consider themselves family even when they share no blood ties. Gay couples, single males, and parents of different ethnicities can adopt a child and form the â€Å"legal† definition of a family. There is no set-in-stone definition of family; with the complexity of the modern world, the term â€Å"family† can be used to describe blood relations or simply any group of people a bond is felt with. The HBO drama The Sopranos promises to make its viewers rethink the term â€Å"family† with a tagline such as â€Å"Meet Tony Soprano, if one family doesn’t kill him†¦ the other family will† (IMDB). The two families the show speaks about are of two different worlds. The first family (often dysfunctional) is Tony Soprano’s blood family that includes his wife and children. The second family (a complete blood-splattered mess) is Tony’s Mafia affiliations. In the episode â€Å"The Happy Wanderer†, Tony takes the role as the head of house in both families and must balance his life between being a Mob boss and bei... ...ll always be there for your family when they need you, and they'll always be there for you. Blood related or not† (Urbandictionary). This definition is a perfect example of why family is about a bond between its members, not something defined by legality. Through many trials and tribulations, the multitudes of different types of families will continue to exist, breaking the mold of traditional ideas and redefining what we come to think of as â€Å"family†. Works Cited â€Å"Family.† Def. 23. Urbandictionary. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. â€Å"The Happy Wanderer.† The Sopranos. HBO. 20 Feb. 2000. Television. â€Å"’The Sopranos’ (1999) - Taglines.† IMDB. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2012. Vasquez, Adrian. Personal interview. 15 Feb. 2012. White, Rob. â€Å"Indigenous Youth and Gangs as Family.† Youth Studies Australia 28.3 (2009): 47-56. Academic Search Premier. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. Why There is no Model Family? Essay -- Family Psychology, Family Value â€Å"Family Aint Shit†: Why There is no Model Family A picture that pops into mind when one thinks of the term â€Å"family†: Mother prepares dinner, Father comes home from a hard day’s work, and the children walk into the house from school. The group sits at the dinner table and discusses the day’s activities with a genuine smile on their faces. Everything for this family is perfect. This example is just a traditional family portrait and is far from the reality of many modern families. It is so far from reality that the entire definition of â€Å"family† can be skewed into whatever subjective opinion one wants. Cold-blooded, homicidal menaces to society can create a â€Å"family† by forming a gang which may have more inner peace than a dysfunctional blood family. Friends can consider themselves family even when they share no blood ties. Gay couples, single males, and parents of different ethnicities can adopt a child and form the â€Å"legal† definition of a family. There is no set-in-stone definition of family; with the complexity of the modern world, the term â€Å"family† can be used to describe blood relations or simply any group of people a bond is felt with. The HBO drama The Sopranos promises to make its viewers rethink the term â€Å"family† with a tagline such as â€Å"Meet Tony Soprano, if one family doesn’t kill him†¦ the other family will† (IMDB). The two families the show speaks about are of two different worlds. The first family (often dysfunctional) is Tony Soprano’s blood family that includes his wife and children. The second family (a complete blood-splattered mess) is Tony’s Mafia affiliations. In the episode â€Å"The Happy Wanderer†, Tony takes the role as the head of house in both families and must balance his life between being a Mob boss and bei... ...ll always be there for your family when they need you, and they'll always be there for you. Blood related or not† (Urbandictionary). This definition is a perfect example of why family is about a bond between its members, not something defined by legality. Through many trials and tribulations, the multitudes of different types of families will continue to exist, breaking the mold of traditional ideas and redefining what we come to think of as â€Å"family†. Works Cited â€Å"Family.† Def. 23. Urbandictionary. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2012. â€Å"The Happy Wanderer.† The Sopranos. HBO. 20 Feb. 2000. Television. â€Å"’The Sopranos’ (1999) - Taglines.† IMDB. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2012. Vasquez, Adrian. Personal interview. 15 Feb. 2012. White, Rob. â€Å"Indigenous Youth and Gangs as Family.† Youth Studies Australia 28.3 (2009): 47-56. Academic Search Premier. Web. 15 Feb. 2012.

The Play of Daniel Keyes’ Flowers for Algernon Essay

         The story, â€Å"Flowers for Algernon†, is one that has been written using the first person narration and makes use of progress reports hence making the reader to be part of the story an understand the story as it happens through each of the reports used (Rogers, and Daniel, 5-15). The first person technique is important in that it allows all the changes that are seen to take place in Charlie, who is the main character of the story, to be clearly visible both at an external and internal level. It is to be noted that Charlie Gordon is the center of the whole story whereby he is the main character that is subjected to a scientific experiment that is aimed at increasing his intelligence level. In addition to that, Charlie is also the author to the narratives provided through the progress reports.          The reader of this story is able to get a view of life throu8gh the eyes of Charlie who is the main narrator and character in the story ((Rogers, and Daniel, 5-15). The reader is able to understand and follow the progress and development of Charlie through the spellings and the evolution of Charlie’s syntax. The operation that Charlie undergoes fails to work and proves to be detrimental because Charlie gets to find out that his â€Å"friends† are not actually true friends. Furthermore, Charlie becomes arrogant and cannot relate to people after the experiment and his is not able to impress his family which is his true motivation.            Charlie undergoes an intelligence operation which transforms him to become more intelligent than he was before. He ends up getting a job at the bakery with the help of his uncle, Uncle Herman (Coules, Daniel, and Robert, 87). Charlie meets Gimpy, Frank Reilly and Joe Carp, people that he considers to be his friends at the bakery and ones he could rely on. However, as it turns out, these are not his true friends. Gimpy, Frank Reilly and Joe Carp result to making fun of Charlie and resent him for being more intelligent after the operation when he goes back to work with them. The three make fun of Charlie and eventually gets him fired because they never liked him despite the fact that the boss, Mr. Donner, believed in Charlie.            At this point, Charlie gets to know that the people that he considered to be his â€Å"friends† were actually not his true friends based on their actions towards him. However the attitude of the three changes towards Charlie as the story comes to an end and Charlie’s intellectual ability starts to recede drastically. One thing that the reader gets to learn from the actions of Charlie’s â€Å"friends† is that not everyone in your life is your true friend. There are others who may not have good intentions yet they claim to be your friends hence the need to be cautious with people that say they are your friends.            Another issue that is portrayed in the story is that Charlie becomes an arrogant person and is not able to relate with people hence showing that the experiment was detrimental. The lack of proper relationship with other people and Charlie shows that the experiment turned out to be quite detrimental to the life of Charlie (Coules, Daniel, and Robert, 87). It can be observed that after the experiment, Charlie starts to lose his intelligence and he starts to spend less time with his girlfriend Fay. However, it reaches a point whereby Charlie wants to get back with Fay but she cannot accept due to Charlie’s condition which makes her afraid of him. This results in the collapse of their relationship.             Furthermore, the experiment affected how Charlie relates with his family which is seen when he chases his sister out of his room and does not want to talk to her. The issue that one gets to learn from this is that not all experiments have positive impacts in the lives of human beings and it is important that people should accept who they are instead of trying to change themselves.          From the on-set of this story, Charlie is seen as less intelligent and retarded by his family members. The inspiration and motivation to volunteer for the procedure which was aimed at enhancing his intelligence comes from need to impress his family (Coules, Daniel, and Robert, 87). Charlie agrees to undergo the procedure so that he could be what his mother and father wants him to be, an intelligent child. Charlie is rejected by the family that motivated him to get the procedure done. After becoming intelligent, he is also rejected by the foster family for being too intelligent.            Charlie undergoes through a rough time especially when his acquired intelligence starts to recede causing him to become alienated from people and instead spends time alone. From the experiences that Charlie goes through in this story tells the reader that life is full of challenges and that there are appreciating what one has is of great importance than to seek for something that will only result in to misery. References Coules, Bert, Daniel Keyes, and Robert Chambers. The Play of Daniel Keyes’ Flowers for Algernon. Oxford: Heinemann Educational, 1993. Print. P.47 Rogers, David, and Daniel Keyes. Flowers for Algernon: A Full-Length Play. Chicago: Dramatic Pub. Co, 1969. Print. P.5-93 Source document

The Development of Marriage essays

The Development of Marriage essays The Development of Marriage The institution of marriage has grown and developed into many acceptable facets. In Merriam Websters online dictionary, the word marriage has two definitions. Definition one is the state of being united to a person of the opposite sex as husband or wife in a consensual and contractual relationship recognized by law. The second definition is the state of being united to a person of the same sex in a relationship like that of a traditional marriage . Over the years of evolvement of the United States, attitudes toward the institution of marriage have changed toward a trend of greater acceptance of non-traditional types. In Colonial America, marriage was thought of as an arranged contract between a prospective husband and a wifes father. In other words, the wife was bought from her father. During 1610, the first anti-sodomy law was passed prohibiting homosexual behavior between men. The US Supreme Court in 1878 ruled against the Mormon concept of complex marriage on the basis that marriage is a civil contract regulated by law. The 20th century sexual revolution yet again changed the ideology of marriage even further. In 1967, a Supreme Court decision in the case of Loving vs. Virginia it ruled the prohibiting interracial marriage is unconstitutional. In 2003 in the Supreme Court, case of Lawrence vs. Gardner struck down the Texas State law banning consensual sex between homosexuals a violation of individuals right to privacy. The practice and Ideology of marriage has changed over the course of development of America. The volatile issue of same sex marriages is now the front runner in the current course of change. Will it be accepted? Only time will tell. ...

Its Not a Contest Essays - Robotics, Today, Free Essays

It's Not a Contest Essays - Robotics, Today, Free Essays It's Not a Contest A few weeks ago, I was in downtown Denver at the conference center, as one of the parent volunteers for the elementary school's Robotics Club. We were there to watch an international robotics competition, where students from around the world had brought along robots they had built to be squared off against each other in various events. We stepped off the school bus and made our way though the various bridges and corridors of the gleaming glass facility. When we arrived outside the right ballroom, we were greeted by one of the teachers from our school district. He addressed our group of 40 kids: "OK guys, before we go in, I wanted to remind you of one thing. There are two types of people in the world today: those whocreate technology, and those whoconsumeit. Only one of those groups gets to cash the check, the other has to write it. Apple Computer didn't get to be the richest company in the world bybuying a bunch of phones - they had to do the hard work to develop those phones. So when you go into this room, I want you to look at the teams and where they are from. You'll notice most of them are from Asia. Because over there, they take this stuff - science, technology, engineering, and math - much more seriously than we do. The kids your age are already starting calculus, and they program their own robots and do events like this every weekend. They are way ahead of us, and in a global world, it's blah blah blah" At this point I tuned out, because I could see where the guy was going and I think he was missing the bigger picture. But I was happy to add his little speech to my collection of stories about the common theme of artificially imposed competitive worry. These scary little talks pop up in all areas of life, and with them we are creating a dog-eat-dog world in the middle of a very comfortable and well-appointed dog food factory. You'll see this phenomenon in varying degrees in the school system: At one end of it, my own family has become curious about the hippy free-for-all concept of Unschooling , while traditional schooling methods are more rigorous. And the trend seems to intensify in the Northeastern United States, where many of the wealthier residents are afflicted with Ivy League Preschool Syndrome ). Further East, the Indian and Asian cultures value education highly, but often under a very strict regime of long hours, reduced leisure, rote memorization and a focus on competition. Unfortunately this phenomenon does not end on graduation day. The nature of large-scale capitalism is competition and survival of the fittest, which I believe can be a good thing overall*. But when you apply constant competition on the level of individual humans in a win-lose battle, the results are not nearly as good. Most of us seem to come pre-packaged with a desire for more. If something is good, more of it must be better. A 4-cylinder car provides amazing transportation options, so people naturally try to get more of that amazement by buying 8-cylinder trucks. A few square feet of interior space is a very useful form of shelter, so given the resources some of us will amass tens of thousands of these square feet. But the phenomenon of more extends even further than material conveniences. It leaks right into the way we live our lives and perceive our value as human beings. If you enjoy your job, you may find yourself advancing relentlessly until you become the CEO. If you own a business, you might find yourself growing it just because the customers and the money are there and you don't want to waste the opportunity. But what if higher status and higher income were not the things you really needed to achieve a happier life? You would end up trading precious time and life for something that really delivers no value to you, because you had enough in the first place. Some people call this tendency mindless accumulation. This bad habit is built right into us, as you may have seen

File System and Nokia N8 Essays

File System and Nokia N8 Essays File System and Nokia N8 Essay File System and Nokia N8 Essay We have recently tried XEON Belle  Refresh  CFW on our Nokia N8 upon user recommendations and its really good and stable. Xeon’s CFW has only  English  and  Italian languages. (Italian as default, you can change it into  English  later on). Detailed change-logs are available after the break. Before you start following this tutorial, we recommend you to have a look at  Cfficial Nokia Belle Refresh Change-logs. THIS CUSTOM  FIRMWARE  IS ONLY FOR NOKIA N8, DO NOT TRY IT ON ANY OTHER DEVICE OR YOU’LL BRICK IT UP. PLEASE DO NOT ASK WHETHER THIS CUSTOM  FIRMWARE  WOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR ANY OTHER DEVICE, OTHER THAN NOKIA N8. Xeon Belle  Refresh  3. 4. 7 for N8 – Change-log 111. 040. 1511 – S^4 Xeon 3. 4. 7 – 23/10/2012 -Update Qt WebKit 4. 8. 2 -Fix +System+ (Rimozione Social) New Music player Dolby Digital effects for headphones added Belle FP1 Multi Tasking Manager Custom THEME EFFECTS (C:/Animations/Effects) Modded Widgets and Clocks Hacked – can install all unsigned apps / games / widgets without certificate errors Battery and Signals made colorful Signals Symbol Changed Starting Bootscreen added More than 6 homescreens can be added Camera Mute Mod added Resume downloads from the internet in default web browser Vibration on phone lock / unlock removed 200MB  FREE PHONE  MEMORY 10 Music Equalizer Settings Added All Apps can be renamed Cache shifted to E:/   Downloaded  from N8 Fan Club Send protected files from default file manager Call logs will be saved for 999 days Added ROM PATCHER with Lots of Patches How to Flash Xeon Belle  Refresh  111. 040. 1511 on Nokia N8 YOU CAN ALSO TAKE HELP FROM OUR  VIDEO TUTORIAL GUIDE OVER HERE 1. Download amp; Install Phoenix from here:  PSS_2012. 04. 003. 47798_latest. xe (Make sure to disable your Anti-virus to avoid Insert Nokia Dongle Error) 2. Download   All three files and extract them all to RM-596 folder. Password for extraction is:  Xeon^4 Core:                           S4(3. 4. 7)R1. 7z ROFS2:                     S4(3. 4. 7)R2-EN. 7z ROFS3/UDA:   S4(3. 4. 7)R3. 7z (Note that this  firmware  is pre-hacked, you are not required to hack / unlock it using  Norton Hack) 3. Make sure you have extracted all  firmware  files in folder path: C:/Program Files/Nokia/Phoenix/Products/RM-596 (If RM-596 folder doesn’t exist, you need to create RM-596 folder yourself and paste the  firmware  files inside it) 4. : Now connect your Nokia N8 in  Ovi Suite Mode with  USB cable  and run Phoenix 5. Goto File and hit Scan Product (wait for some time) 6. Proceed to Flashing and hit  Firmware  update. 7. Select the  firmware  product code with three dots (†¦) (Select:  0599750: euro1_dg_italy) and click OK. (Don’t worry for the product code, it can be any one) | Click to  enlarge| 8. Now hit the options button, just beneath SW  Reset  button and a window will appear. Delete:  RM-596_M005. 50. emmc. fpsx  as show below | Click to  enlarge| 9. Now  Click on Software  Reset  button. The flashing process would start and might ask you to disconnect  USB cable  and connect it again and slightly push the power button on N8 to initiate flashing Nokia Belle  RefreshCustom  Firmware. Flashing would hardly take 3 – 5 minutes on an average PC. Enjoy the Nokia Belle  RefreshCFW on your Nokia N8 with all new widgets. (The flashing process is similar for every Nokia Belle Device, however you cannot use  firmware  of one device on any other device) Backup Downloads 808FanClub. com_Video_amp;_Photo_Editors_-_ALL_langs. _by_SkullATOS_unsigned. sis QuickOffice_Belle_Euro3_Unsigned__6. 4. 6. sis AdobeReaderLE_v10. 0. 245. sis F-Secure_Anti-Theft_v7. 00. 17415. sis InternetSearch_v3. 0. 8. sis MicrosoftCommunicator_v2. 1. 369. sis Microsoft_office_for_nokia_bell_Unsigned. zip Nokia_Evolve_V3_Original_Pro_Edition_Signed. sis nokia_maps_suite_3_458612. 00_12wk9_b05_PRD_STORE. sis OviMusic_v13. 2. 24. sis storeinstaller_tb92_QTbundle_prd_PROD_3. 24. 053. sisx Languages in this  Firmware: English  and Italian Frequently Asked Questions: Q: I am using another Belle  Refresh  CFW (111. 040. 1511), will I have to downgrade first? A: If you are using another Belle  Refresh  CFW based on v111. 040. 511 (for instance Diamond Belle   Refreshor PVN’s CFW), you won’t be required to downgrade, just flash this  firmware. Even if you are using AminKing v11 till now, you can   simply flash it using the flashing method as mentioned above, no downgrade is required. Q: I   want to return back to Official Nokia Belle  Refresh  v111. 040. 1511, what to do? A: Just download Official Nokia Belle  Refresh  Firmware  v111. 040. 1511 from NaviFirm and flash it in the same way with Phoenix. Q: Can I downgrade this  firmware? In case I want to return back to Symbian Anna? A: Yes you can downgrade using this  downgrade tutorial over here. Q: My Nokia N8 went dead after following this guide, what to do? A: First of all, don’t worry, try to  Flash your Nokia N8 in DEAD USB Mode. It will be fine. Q: Will updating to this CFW or Downgrading from CFW to PR 1. 0 erase my all data from the phone? A: NO! Your data would remain preserved in E:/ MASS MEMORY, however backup of your important data is always recommended. Q: My phone doesn’t scan for music / songs after flashing this CFW? A: Place all your music files in  E:/Music Q: Where should I place the  custom theme effects  after flashing this  firmware? A: Extract your  custom theme effects  in  C:/Animations/effects You might also like:

8th amendment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

8th amendment - Research Paper Example Here, courts need to look for factors on how to change the standards of the community and also come up with the independent evaluation if the statutes are reasonable. For instance, in the case of Furman V. Georgia, the jury invalidated the death penalty regulation at that time because they constituted the unusual punishment and cruelty against the eighth amendment. The eighth amendment is an American amendment that bars or prevents the government from practices that may result in the violation of the freedom of people (Smith, 2010). It prevents the government from imposing cruel and unusual punishment such as torture and excess bails and fines. This amendment was adopted as early as 1791. Death sentence is a practice of the state where people are sentenced to death due to the magnitude of their crime. It is also commonly referred to as capital punishment. Overtime death penalty was not highly considered as a violation of this amendment. There were no vivid cases that had been presented there before to show the brutality of the death sentence and how it imposed cruel and unusual punishment to people. This was until 1972 when a United State Supreme Court decision called the Furman v. Georgia was ruled. The case had to be presented by three black men including Furman who had to be sentenced to death. In this ruling, the court declared that the death penalty violated the eighth amendment. However, the court did not view the death penalty as a cruel and unusual punishment. The case led to a de facto moratorium on capital punishment. The court argued that the manner in which the death sentences were being imposed was capricious. People were being sentenced to death in an erratic manner. However, this ruling by the court was not taken well by the country. People argued that there are some crimes whose best solution was a death sentence. In 1976, the court reviewed the case due to statutes presented by

Evaluate the differences in social relationships on the Internet and Essay

Evaluate the differences in social relationships on the Internet and conventional, face to face relationships - Essay Example ome of interested observers on the same influential nature of internet on the social life of the society have noted that the influential, and the heavy use of the internet may be alienated from the usual social contact. Additionally, they claimed that the internet use may as well predominant the society’s social lives. Although there are numerous, yet partially unknown, negative effects of the internet relationships, there are two main factors for consideration. Considerably, the internet relationship has adversely displaced some of the vital social activities, especially among the communities and individuals who have intensively indulged into the internet as their sure means of communication. In most cases, persons spend a lot of time online interacting that incapacitates them from face to face interaction or activities. Moreover, the internet is an effective venture of displacing the ever known strong ties that had ever been built by face-to-face interactions. It worth notin g that the relationship that has been built out of the internet interactions are of low quality compared to the quality of face to face relationships. Therefore, intensively concentration on the online or the internet relationships weakens or replaces the strength of the face-to-face relationship. Some scholars have proposed that proper use of the internet is actually associated with deterioration of an individual. The use of the internet is blamed of diminishing of an individuals’ social circle; thus, leading to such individuals to depression and high rate of loneliness (Gross et al 75). In the case, of one on one or face to face relationship, an individual may as well get engaged by the other party present in his or her life; thus, breaking any kind of loneliness in either poor or acceptable ways. However, the internet relationship or interactions may be as well beneficial and productive only if such interactions and relationships are kept at their normal navels. Nonetheless, the

Identify Mystery Liquid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Identify Mystery Liquid - Essay Example Handle hot beakers using beaker tongs. 2. Wear protective gear: gloves and overall. 3. be cautious while handling solutions such as drain cleaners since they are caustic. 4. Avoid eye and skin contact with the chemicals. 5. Wash out any contact with the chemicals with large quantities of water. Procedure: 1. Chop red cabbage into small pieces and place them in a 100-mL beaker and add 30 mL of distilled water. 2. Place the beaker on a hot plate, and allow the water to boil until a deep purple color appears. Using beaker tongs, carefully remove the hot beaker from the hot plate give it time to cool then transfer the red cabbage indicator to a clean beaker. 3. Place a clean microplate over a piece of white paper. Using pipets add 5 drops of lemon juice to L1; drain cleaner to L2, and Anti-freezer to L3. For each solution Use a clean pipet. 4. Draw the red cabbage indicator into a clean pipet, and to each solution L1-L3 add 5 drops of the red cabbage indicator. Stir the solutions careful ly using a stirring rod. 5. By clearly observing the three solutions, record the color changes in the data table. With reference to the color chart, record the approximate PH of every solution. Acid & Base Observations Solution color Approximate PH Inference Lemon Juice Light red 2 slightly acidic Drain Cleaner Yellow 13-14 Basic Anti-freezer Green 10.5 basic Conclusion From the above observation it very clear that the liquid found by Mr. Fischer was likely to be lemon juice and not drain cleaner or anti-freezer. Explanation Drain cleaner was found to have a PH of 13-14 which depicted a basic solution. The anti-freezer was found to have a PH of 10.5 depicting a basic solution too. Lemon juice was the only liquid found to be acidic. Lemon juice Corresponded to the liquid found in such a way that its acidic nature would corrode metals. DOCUMENT B pH OF COMMON SUBSTANCES WITH THEIR IUPAC NAMES: pH OF COMMON SUBSTANCES pH [H  3  O  +  ], M Example 0 1.0 Battery acid, 1 M sulfuri c acid 1 1 ? 10  ?2 Lemon juice 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid 2 1 ? 10  ?3 Vinegar impure dilute acetic acid 3 1 ? 10  ?4 Soft drink sodium bicarbonate 4 1 ? 10  ?5 Rain water H2O 5 1 ? 10  ?6 Milk Lime calcium hydroxide 7 1 ? 10  ?8 Baking soda, sodium bicarbonate 8 1 ? 10  ?9 Washing soda, Na  2  CO  3 sodium carbonate 9 1 ? 10  ?10 Anti-freezer ethylene glycol 10 1 ? 10  ?11 Aqueous household ammonia, NH  3 11 1 ? 10  ?12 Limewater, aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide Common household chemicals (Katz 2-4) DOCUMENT C A household hazardous waste that can be identical to the liquid found in the house must have acidic properties, meaning that it may corrode metal containers and turn red cabbage indicator juice red. Corrosive substances can eat into skin and metal therefore they need to be handled with care and disposed correctly (Carboni 12). In this case we consider Vinegar which made from fermented wine, apple juice, or grain. Vinegar is ma de up of 5 percent acetic acid, thus it turns out to be mild acid. Vinegar has the capability to dissolve grease, mineral deposits, get of rid soap traces, deodorize, take out mildew or wax backlog, and refine some metals. Vinegar is able to clean stone or brick, and is used in making some carpet cleaning agents as an ingredient. Vinegar can be

Critically examine the problem of corruption in the practice of Essay

Critically examine the problem of corruption in the practice of mediation and arbitration of international disputes - Essay Example onsequences for â€Å"stakeholders and society more broadly†.4While corruption is most often associated with bribery, corruption can occur by other means such as fraud, procurement of a specific outcome, conflicts of interests, improper enrichment and other dishonest mechanisms.5 Most states acknowledge that it is possible for an arbitral award to be obtained by virtue of corruption. At international law, the limited grounds upon which an arbitral award can be reviewed include the â€Å"procurement of the award by corruption† or corruption on the part of an arbitrator or arbitrators.6 Since mediators do not make binding decisions and merely help the parties arrive at their own resolution, the problems of corruption among mediators and parties in international disputes are not as problematic as corruption in binding arbitration.7 In either case, arbitrators and mediators are at risk of corruption charges in instances where the parties are denied equal treatment.8 Safegua rding against corruption in international mediation and arbitration is particularly important because it provides an alternative dispute resolution for parties suspicious of corruption among local judiciaries.9 For the most part, any business sector which might be entrusted with power is typically subjected to a code of conduct which is designed to engender trust in those sectors and thereby reduce perceptions of corruption. Some such codes are the European Code of Conduct for Mediators and the Code of Ethics for Arbitrators in Commercial Disputes. These codes define what amounts to tolerable standards of conduct, the role of the mediator/arbitrator and their duties and responsibilities.10 Setting standards of conduct however, does not by itself ensure that international arbitration and mediation are free of corrupt practices. In this regard, international conventions have established laws that indirectly identify corrupt practices and provide for enforcement techniques for corrupti on. For instance by virtue of Articles 34 and 36 of the UNCITRAL Model Law 1985 an arbitral award is subject to challenge and may not be enforced if the award is inconsistent with public policy.11 Article V(2) of the New York Convention 1958 makes a vastly similar provision.12 An award which is procured by or given under the auspices of corruption is typically perceived as inconsistent with public policy.13 As early as 1963 the ICC set a standard of conduct for dealing with cases in which corruption was obvious. The case was ICC Case No. 1110 in which arbitrator Lagergren did not determine the merits of a case when he found that there had been corruption. The case related to a contract in which an English company had agreed with an Argentine entity acting as intermediary for the acquisition of a utilities’ contract in Argentina. The agreement called for the Argentine entity to receive a commission of 10 per cent of the contract’s value. When the English company did not make good on the agreement, Lagergren ruled that he did not have jurisdiction since: Parties who ally themselves in an enterprise of the present nature must realize that they have forfeited any right to ask for assistance of the machinery of justice (national courts or arbitral tribunals) in settling their disputes.14 Developments since ICC Case No. 1110 indicate that arbitrators would rule on the merits of

Response Week 11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response Week 11 - Essay Example As noted from this event, he does not only have a lot of money and techniques to bribe law enforcement officials from both sides of the border, he also has supporters who are not hired by him. It is not hard to see why ordinary Mexican citizens would be supporting him if he has been keeping their streets safe from other drug cartels members. This just shows the level of insecurity that the Mexican citizens are facing, since they would rather have a drug lord protecting them than law enforcement agencies. This also proves that it would be hopeless not to have El Chapo extradited to United States. Even though most people who have lost their loved ones to death because of this man are happy to see him behind bars, Salazar is right to point out of the harsh reality. This man is still too powerful. Supposedly the Mexican government manages to extradite him, which I believe is necessary, there will still be a problem. As noted by Patricia Adler, Peter Alder and O’Brien (2012), page 390, the war on drugs exists because people fail to see their harmful effects. This means that even if both governments decide to sentence him to death, drug smuggling, human trafficking and people will still be killed by other drug smugglers. When a CEO from a company gets fired, the company does not stop its operations because other CEOs get hired. As much as the two governments want the man gone for good, it is important for law enforcement agencies to remember one thing. The solution to the war on drugs is ultimately a structural one where people will learn that they are part of what it takes to defeat the war. Hastings, D. (2014, February 27). Hundreds march in Mexico for release of drug lord Joaquin El Chapo Guzman. New York Daily News. Retrieved from

Critically examine the problem of corruption in the practice of Essay

Critically examine the problem of corruption in the practice of mediation and arbitration of international disputes - Essay Example onsequences for â€Å"stakeholders and society more broadly†.4While corruption is most often associated with bribery, corruption can occur by other means such as fraud, procurement of a specific outcome, conflicts of interests, improper enrichment and other dishonest mechanisms.5 Most states acknowledge that it is possible for an arbitral award to be obtained by virtue of corruption. At international law, the limited grounds upon which an arbitral award can be reviewed include the â€Å"procurement of the award by corruption† or corruption on the part of an arbitrator or arbitrators.6 Since mediators do not make binding decisions and merely help the parties arrive at their own resolution, the problems of corruption among mediators and parties in international disputes are not as problematic as corruption in binding arbitration.7 In either case, arbitrators and mediators are at risk of corruption charges in instances where the parties are denied equal treatment.8 Safegua rding against corruption in international mediation and arbitration is particularly important because it provides an alternative dispute resolution for parties suspicious of corruption among local judiciaries.9 For the most part, any business sector which might be entrusted with power is typically subjected to a code of conduct which is designed to engender trust in those sectors and thereby reduce perceptions of corruption. Some such codes are the European Code of Conduct for Mediators and the Code of Ethics for Arbitrators in Commercial Disputes. These codes define what amounts to tolerable standards of conduct, the role of the mediator/arbitrator and their duties and responsibilities.10 Setting standards of conduct however, does not by itself ensure that international arbitration and mediation are free of corrupt practices. In this regard, international conventions have established laws that indirectly identify corrupt practices and provide for enforcement techniques for corrupti on. For instance by virtue of Articles 34 and 36 of the UNCITRAL Model Law 1985 an arbitral award is subject to challenge and may not be enforced if the award is inconsistent with public policy.11 Article V(2) of the New York Convention 1958 makes a vastly similar provision.12 An award which is procured by or given under the auspices of corruption is typically perceived as inconsistent with public policy.13 As early as 1963 the ICC set a standard of conduct for dealing with cases in which corruption was obvious. The case was ICC Case No. 1110 in which arbitrator Lagergren did not determine the merits of a case when he found that there had been corruption. The case related to a contract in which an English company had agreed with an Argentine entity acting as intermediary for the acquisition of a utilities’ contract in Argentina. The agreement called for the Argentine entity to receive a commission of 10 per cent of the contract’s value. When the English company did not make good on the agreement, Lagergren ruled that he did not have jurisdiction since: Parties who ally themselves in an enterprise of the present nature must realize that they have forfeited any right to ask for assistance of the machinery of justice (national courts or arbitral tribunals) in settling their disputes.14 Developments since ICC Case No. 1110 indicate that arbitrators would rule on the merits of

The Architecture of the Lincoln Memorial Research Paper - 1

The Architecture of the Lincoln Memorial - Research Paper Example In the United States, the Lincoln Memorial stands as just such a monument, speaking eloquently not only about the man to whom it is dedicated but also to the ideas he espoused during his years as President of a war-torn and very briefly as a reunited country. The architecture of the structure itself is sufficient to convey the sense of strength and stability that Lincoln represented a country attempting to fly apart at the seams. Designed by architect Henry Bacon, the building is constructed primarily of marble blocks with limestone columns in the style of an ancient Greek temple. The Doric columns, 44 feet tall and nearly 7.5 feet in diameter at their base, convey supreme strength of purpose and steadying support [do you have a source for this opinion/statement?]. The building commemorates Lincoln’s efforts to maintain the Union primarily through these columns. There are 36 columns supporting the ceiling of the memorial, each one of which stands for one of the 36 states that comprised the re-united nation at the time of Lincoln’s death, complete with the name of the state to which the column is dedicated engraved into it (â€Å"Lincoln Memorial†, 2007). However, the monument wasn’t completed until 1922, by whi ch time the union was comprised of 48 states. Rather than excluding these, the names of the states that joined the union after Lincoln’s death, but before the monument’s completion, are carved into the walls on the outside of the memorial. Finally, the last two states to have joined the United States, Alaska and Hawaii, are commemorated in a plaque located within the approach plaza (â€Å"Lincoln Memorial†, 2007).

Business Analysis Project Essay Example for Free

Business Analysis Project Essay Notwithstanding the bleak global economic climate with the Eurozone crisis, the Singapore operators are constantly introducing value-added services. The introduction of premium next-generation mobile services, namely LTE-based, should give ARPU a boost even though the take-up rate might be weak. [pic] Source: BMI Figure 1. 6 shows that the operating revenue has decreased for consecutive years since 2008. This could be attributed largely due to the global economic crisis. Summary of Singapore Telecommunication Industry Singapore government’s strong commitment to deregulation of the industry has assisted the growth of the telecommunication | |sector and built a competitive telecoms market, aided by its geographical location and excellent infrastructure. Singapore | |is one of the first countries in the world to have a fully digital telephone network and continues to maintain a strong | |positive outlook in this sector. In 1997, MobileOne Ltd forayed into Singapore’s telecommunications industry and demolished the previous monopoly held by Singapore Telecommunications Ltd. It was subsequently listed on the Singapore Exchange on 4 December 2002. Since its establishment, M1 has gained repute as an integrated communications service provider in Singapore. Rightly emphasizing on the importance of customers, M1 carries on business with the mission of being â€Å"an efficient and totally customer-focused company, achieving the highest satisfaction for our [their] customers, people and shareholders†. M1 has 2 wholly owned subsidiaries, M1 Net Ltd. and M1 Connect Pte. Ltd. M1 and its subsidiaries carry out its main operations in Singapore. In light of the interdependence of devices, networks, application services and content, M1 recognizes that it needs to diversify from being a pure mobile operator and hence transformed itself in 2007 to a dynamic full-service operator . Operating as a full-service operator ever since, M1 offers a full suite of broadband products, services and managed solutions. With its high-speed fiber network solutions, businesses benefit from faster speeds to improve productivity and reduce costs. This could have invariably contributed to the price reduction of handsets and increase in promotional activities to attract customers. Investors prefer a firm with a higher GPM, which indicates stronger efficiency. Noteworthy is M1’s NPM being consistently higher than StarHub. SingTel maintained its position at 23%. The ability to sustain the highest profit margin and also maintain a consistent revenue growth clearly places SingTel as the market leader in the telecommunications industry. However, it maintaind its stead state despite the Euro crisis. Therefore it is expected that M1 would increase its debt-to-equity ratio, with the economic recovery. Risk declines as the ratio increases as the company’s ability to cover its interest increases. On the other hand, Singtel is the lowest with 8. 8, and it is unclear if it can still afford to leverage upwards without affecting its credit rating. EPS is net profit per share. It reflects the company’s ability to add value to shares and is the most important metric in determining profitability. It is also a major component of another important metric, price per earnings ratio (P/E). The higher the ratio, the more money the company is making.

Small And Medium Enterprises In Mauritius

Small And Medium Enterprises In Mauritius SMEs are considered as one of the driving forces of modern economies. SMEs contributions in an economy are in terms of technological upgrading, product and process innovations, employment generation or export promotion. Therefore, helping SMEs to innovate is important not only because it improves their own competitiveness, but also through linkages and knowledge spill-overs with other firms, the entire industry and macro economy. SMEs are a key vehicle for development and growth in any economy, as they constitute the majority of enterprises found even in the most industrialised countries (Masatak 1998 and Storey 1994). SMEs create employment, a source of innovation, generating export opportunities among other (Hall 1995). In Mauritius, the contribution of the small scale sector in accelerating the economic development process and the democratisation of the economy is widely recognised. SMEs in Mauritius have experienced a rapid increase, especially with the government encouraging people to set up their own business by providing them with incentives, guidance and financial aid in their projects. The Government is committed to providing the conducive environment for the sustainable development of the sector and to respond to the changing needs of enterprises in a proactive manner. Over the years a number of incentives have been introduced to foster the development of the sector. SME Definition The term SME covers a wide range of definitions and measures, varying from country to country and varying between the sources reporting SME statistics (Gilaninia, Amiri et al. 2011). Thus there is no universally accepted definition of a small and medium business. The definition of what constitutes a SME varies (Taylor and Adair 1994; Reed, 1998); it is generally based on the number of employees and financial turnover. According to SMEDA Act 2009 in Mauritius, an enterprise means any form of trade or manufacture, craft by hand or foot, cultivation of fruits, vegetables or flowers, livestock breeding, or activity approved as such by the Authority. A small enterprise is an enterprise having an annual turnover of not more than Rs 10 million while a medium enterprise is an enterprise having an annual turnover of more than Rs 10 million but not more than Rs 50 million. In Mauritius SME has been redefined, where previously the volume of investment in equipment which was one million up to Rs 10 million which was taken into account, is now classified as a small enterprises and with less than 50 and 200 employees for small and medium scale respectively. SME Evolution in Mauritius Since independence, Mauritius has practised a consistent policy to encourage the creation and promotion of SMEs. SMEs in Mauritius can trace their history back to the 1960s when Mauritius was in the wake of a timid industrialisation process with an import-substitution strategy. The country has moved away from a mono-crop economy with fast population growth and high unemployment to one that is more dynamic and diversified. The sources of diversification have been agriculture, textile, tourism and more recently international services with Offshore and Freeport activities. The sugar sector provided the start-up capital for the Export Processing Zones (EPZ). The rapid rate of growth of investment in the manufacturing sector led to the success of the EPZ and the Mauritian economy as a whole. This was made possible by the confidence of entrepreneurs and foreign investors prevailing in the country at that particular time. The government recommended the diversification of the economy with the creation of Export Processing Zones in the early 1980s. The EPZ sector took advantage of duty-free and quota free access into European Union markets as well as tariff preferences granted by countries such as North America and Japan. The mid 1980s witnessed a textile boom, raising per capita incomes and living standards. The creation of EPZ enterprises has been prominent in absorbing large numbers of unemployed persons who otherwise would never have been gainfully employed. In 1976 the Small Scale Industry Unit (SSIU) was established under the aegis of the then Ministry of Commerce and Industry. It also became the central point in the ministry to provide general advice and guidance to small entrepreneurs. The SSIU became the Small Industry Development Organisation (SIDO) in 1983 as it was increasingly being advocated that an apex organisation with a legal framework for the SSI sector and an integrated policy approach were required. The Industrial Expansion Act of 1993 was enacted in the spirit of consolidation and strengthening of the existing institutional framework and support to industrial development in the country. The Small and Medium Industries Development Organization (SMIDO) Act was adopted which was itself part of the Industrial Expansion Act was established as a parastatal body. It was the next most important landmark in the promotion of SMEs. Its vision was a strong and modern SME sector that was efficient, competitive and export-oriented. In 2005, following the merger of the Small Medium Industries Development Organisation (SMIDO) and the National Handicraft Promotion Agency (NHPA), the Small Enterprises Handicraft Development Authority (SEHDA) was created. The aim of the merger was to rationalise and optimise the use of resources dedicated to the small business sector in Mauritius. The introduction of a new act, the Small and Medium Enterprises Development (SMEDA) Act 2009 is the latest development with regards to SME policy framework in Mauritius. The SMEDA promotes the development and growth of the SMEs in Mauritius. SMEDA provides support to potential and existing small and medium enterprises with a view to enabling them to start new enterprises. Over time, the pattern of economic competition has changed. With the liberalization of trade and commerce it is clear that as the global economy continues to move towards increased integration. With the onslaught of globalisation and the accompanying dismantling of trade preferences, the challenges facing the SME sector are ever-growing and getting more and more complicated. SMEs are increasingly subject to severe competition from low-cost producing countries. However, as a result of advances in information and communications technology (ICT) and the reduction in trade barriers, some of the greatest opportunities for SMEs will derive from their ability to participate in the regional and international markets. SMEs flexibility and adaptability are key determinants to take advantage of the promises of globalisation. New technology, new products, new markets and new management concepts are constantly emerging to change industrial competitive advantage (Ling X, Li, 2000). Similarly, the World Bank (1999) suggests that enterprises in developing countries including Mauritius are facing far more competitive environments in this fast-moving technological world. Hence, the Mauritian government believes that the real engine of sustainable and equitable growth is in the SME sectors. SMEs in Mauritius have obtained the help and support of the government to facilitate the promotion of their business. Many of them export their products to countries abroad and this contributes significantly to the economic growth of the country. However, in the era of globalisation, the environment in which these SMEs operate is becoming more and more challenging, and, in turn, they need to operate efficiently within tight deadlines to be able to survive. To respond to the growing competition faced by organisations, banks have introduced the Internet Banking service to allow their customers undertake their banking transactions online, anytime and anywhere. Internet Banking enables firms in Mauritius to deal with both their local and international clients by allowing them to carry out their banking transactions even outside normal bank opening hours.

Shakespeares Childhood :: essays research papers

Life as a Child in the Renaissance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There have been many classic rag-to-riches stories, and while they may seem almost clichà ©, there are so few that are overlooked. For example, many musicians in the rock era who we know today grew up in lesser homes, and they struggled to earn a dime. Elton John, as well known and wealthy as he is today, spent the greater part of 10 years fighting diligently to fill small clubs to make a living off of his wonderful musical talent. While it may be hard for many people to believe, not all quintessential icons in our day were bathed from golden faucets in oversized mansions; quite the contrary, rather. The famous William Shakespeare is a thriving example of this theory; however, there is a main difference between Shakespeare’s fame from the normal rag-to-riches story, and his eminence is most comparable to Van Gogh. During the time when he was alive, his literature was not taken seriously. It was merely viewed as a form of writing not meant to be explored, and much less, praised. Aside from this, he came from an extremely poverty-stricken family, where most of them died from diseases. Also, the quality of education in those days was determined by how much money families could lay down to have their children accepted into pristine schools, which was not possible for the great William Shakespeare. In Shakespeares’ days of inadequate education, he must have had a very strong ambition to become a world-reknown writer and poet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As mentioned, Shakespeare’s family was plagued with much sickness, and it spread like wildfire since they were such a large family crammed into a small, musty English cottage. Third-born William was accompanied by his 6 siblings, Joan, Margaret, Gilbert, Amney, Richard, and Edmund. According to â€Å"In the Days of Shakespeare’s Childhood,† most of his siblings lived only into their teen years due to diseases such as yellow fever and malaria. Because of so many child deaths, the exact number of children is debatable, because many died before coming out of infanthood. In fact, when William was born to his parents, John and Mary, he was the first surviving infant. To give an idea of just how many people were affected by various diseases of the time, as stated by John F. Andrews, in 1592, there were 15,000 deaths. This number was significant enough to have the globe theater close down! The home they grew up on was in Stratford-Upon-Avon on Henley Street, a small village that now houses his home as a

Why is Juliet Under Pressure in a Scene :: essays research papers

There are two families that hate each other Romeo's family the Montague's and Juliet's family the Capulet's. The families have hated each other for many generations. Romeo and Juliet met at a party even though Lord Capulet has found Juliet a husband but she doesn't like him and falls in love with Romeo who was previously in love with Rosaline. Romeo and Juliet get married in secret hoping in the long run that this deed will end the family feud but Juliet's family don't know about the wedding. Mercutio Romeo's best friend and Tybalt Juliet's cousin get into a fight and Mercutio dies but Romeo turns up and kills Tybalt. Romeo is banished to Mantua for killing Tybalt so Juliet isn't happy because she has lost two of the people she cares about most. At the start of this scene Romeo has sneaked into Juliet?s bedroom and has stopped the night in her bed. In the morning Juliet does not want Romeo to leave as she exclaims ?it was the nightingale, and not the lark.? Which means that the nightingale sounds in the night and the lark sounds in the morning meaning that if it is the lark Romeo must go but Juliet believes it was the nightingale so that Romeo can stay? Romeo knows he must go and pronounces ?it was the lark, the herald of the morn.? Meaning that the lark is the sign of the morning and the nightingale sing?s at night so if it was the lark it would be time for Romeo to go but Juliet can?t stand it when Romeo is gone so she is convinced it was the nightingale. When the nurse comes in and tells Juliet that Romeo must leave because her mother is coming Juliet finally realises that Romeo has got to go and she starts weep for Romeo. When her mother comes in she assumes that Juliet is in mourning for Tybalt, ?Evermore weeping for your cousin?s death.? So Juliet just goes along with it ?feeling so loss, I cannot choose but ever weep the friend.? Lady Capulet tells Juliet her daughter that she will have happy days, ?sudden day of joy,? meaning that amongst all of this madness she will have a happy day. Juliet asks what will happen on this day and when this day is. Lady Capulet. ?Marry, my child, early next Thursday morn.? Juliet is very shocked by this, ?

A Brief History of Drama Essay

The time period from about 1650 to 1920 was ever changing in the world of drama. Neo-classicism sprung up from Greek and Roman models in Europe during the Enlightenment, Romanticism struck the Globe in the 1800’s based on principles like emotion, intuition and seeking God. During and after the 1800’s naturalism and realism began to play major roles in the area of drama. Naturalists such as August Strindberg and realists such as Henrik Ibsen demonstrate an entirely different view of what drama is all about. During the time period known universally as the Enlightenment, an artistic movement came about in Europe that reflected in many ways the Greek and Roman tradition. Ancient Greeks and Romans focused their art on harmony, symmetry, and balance, while keeping an equal emphasis on logic and aesthetic. During the enlightenment there was a major importance placed upon science, reason and thought. These human, but multifaceted functions are displayed in many neo-classicism plays. Plays such as Racine’s Phaedra clearly demonstrate the notion of common sense and the idea that if you have a problem or cause a problem you will be punished. This play is very typical of the neo-classics because it is based on the ancient Greek play Hippolyths written by Euripidies in ancient Greece. Hippolyths is very closely related to its modern version Phaedra. All neo-classic era plays were in some way based on the French Academy’s rules for drama which involved a concrete moral, no monologues and truth along with few other qualifications. Most plays that possess some or all of these qualities are from the neo-classicism era. After the 1700’s a new way of thinking developed that didn’t involve as much truth or structure. Free flowing emotionally based romanticism paved the way for drama in the 19th century. The 1800’s were a time of innovation and industrial revolution. In America, thousands of people were migrating to cities to find work in large factories powered by new, innovative technologies. New thinking developed through the likes of Charles Darwin and the Origin of the Species, and Karl Marx and the Communist Manifesto. Romanticism deals with three main ideas, emotion, intuition, and seeking God, while grasping the audience with thick plots and  poetic language. All of these qualities are displayed in most romantic plays of the 19th century. Throughout the late 1800’s and early 20th century, naturalist and realist took charge of the drama scene with a new outlook of what could be done on stage. With Naturalism comes plays which display daily life and street language with real settings meant to display a message or cause. With realism comes real language, strong plots, realistic settings and social critique. In realistic plays such as Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, a very common situation involving an everyday married couple is reviewed and critiqued. In the naturalistic play Miss Julie by Swedish playwright August Strindberg, a naturalistic tragedy develops as the characters find themselves trapped in an odd love triangle. Both Naturalism and Realism were monumental to drama because they explored many social issues very critically while challenging the neo-classicism view of what is allowed on stage. It seems obvious that both naturalism and realism attempted to overstep the boundaries of what was acceptable onstage and it is very apparent that it was a success because many naturalism and realism era plays are still popular today. Unlike the strict ruled neo-classicism or the emotionally based romanticism, naturalism and realism display real events, real people and real stories that can be related to by real people. Television shows today are very realistic. With the new wave of reality T.V. hitting every station, it is obvious that the realist and naturalist took a step in the right direction when they looked beyond restriction and let what is real come to life. It is obvious that very monumental changes occurred in drama from 1650-1920. All over the world new ideas and innovations were being explored and challenged on stage.

Interview with Leonardo Da Vinci Essay

The Renaissance began in Italy. While it only a affected a small amount of the population, the â€Å"rebirth† of classical culture is revered today. The general idea of the renaissance is that in Ancient Greek and Roman times we were enlightened, and then lost the light in the â€Å"dark† ages, and then became enlightened again in the rebirth of classical culture. Setting: A stage with comfortable chairs, Leonardo da Vinci sitting in one chair, the host in the other. Host: Welcome to Talk Renaissance Live, I’m here with Leonardo da Vinci, the very definition of a â€Å"Renaissance man†. So tell the audience about yourself Leo. Can I call you Leo? Leo: Um sure. Well honestly I don’t know why people like me so much, I’m a terrible procrastinator. And while I’ve had a few successful paintings, a lot of my works were more of failed experiments. Host: That is still better than most of the population. And your scientific journals still have people wondering today. You had ideas, sometimes even working ideas for things that weren’t even conceived for most of the population until this last century. What was it like working for a commission? Leo: It was ok, once I had plenty of apprentices. Apprentices meant I could spend more time on enquiries of the scientific nature. Host: So why was the Mona Lisa smiling the way she was? Leo: Well now that’s something I swore I would never tell. Host: You’re no fun, and I was wondering. Why didn’t you publish and of the scientific advances you made? Leo: Well it was a different world back then. I had more respect then most people, but if I’d tried to publish my scientific thoughts then I would have been laughed out of the building. Or killed. Host: You mentioned having apprentices later in your career, how was it like being one yourself? And who were you an apprentice for? Leo: Well when I was 14 I apprenticed to the man known as Verrocchio. He taught me many things, both in theoretical and practical fields. Even after I qualified as a master artist I continued to collaborate with him, because he was a fine man. Host: That’s our time, when we come back from the break I’ll be sitting here with Johann Gutenberg. Host: And we’re back, sitting with me is Johann Gutenberg. You may not know who he is, but he was essential to both the Renaissance and what followed. Johann: Hello. Host: How about you explain to the audience about your important contributions? Johann: I brought the printing to Europe. Host: Yes, could you explain how? Johann: Was able to make a printing system that could mass produce books, and have it be economically viable. Host: And was it? Johann: Well it was for everyone except me really. I ended up with an enormous debt and then was sued for â€Å"misuse of funds†. Host: That’s unfortunate, did you win the court case? Johann: Of course not, and he had control of my bible printing press, and half of all bibles printed. Host: And could you explain why the printing press was important? Johann: As I understand it, it meant that books and news traveled to more people, and more quickly. It helped the Renaissance, and later facilitated the Scientific revolution. Host: Wow that was an informative interview, but now we have to go to commercial break. When we come back I will be talking with our final guest. Host: And we’re back! Now as you know with the Renaissance came the appearance of humanism. We have the father of humanism himself with us today, Francesco Petrarca! Petrarca: Hello. Host: As the father of humanism, could you explain to the audience exactly what humanism is? Petrarca: Humanism is a response to the clinical scholasticism. Humanists such as myself want to create a society where are all citizens are capable of engaging civic life, being eloquent of speech and pen. Host: I see, what is scholasticism? Petrarca: It’s something that seems to be prevalent in society today, preparing people to be â€Å"good† jobs such as doctors or lawyers. It emphasizes learning minor and unimportant details for careers that relatively few will partake in. Host: Asides from being the Father of Humanism what else have you done? Petrarca: I’m also a bit of a poet. And I came up with the concept of the Dark Ages, although that seems to have gone out of style as of late. Host: Well the thought as of late is that calling it the Dark Ages is oversimplifying. It portrays the idea that humanity was briefly enlightened, and then lost it’s way, and then was enlightened again- Petrarca: Exactly! That’s exactly the point I’m trying to make. Host: Well it doesn’t agree with what modern historians generally think. They’ve been trying to make an effort to be less Eurocentric, and to try to understand concepts of the past without changing the facts to suite our ideas of what should have happened.

Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) Essay - 2

Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) - Essay Example This paper studies the ITIL framework and comes to the conclusion that this body of knowledge is extremely useful for all organizations in the above mentioned areas. Introduction: The role of information technology (IT) in today’s world is of extreme importance for the smooth running of businesses and other organizations. It can be said the there is practically no field that is not touched by IT, whether it is in manufacturing, services, defense, and even governance. The main reasons for this heavy dependence on this technology are the complexity of operations and also due to the adaptability of IT systems in fitting into every conceivable area of activity. In such a scenario, it was seen as a necessity to standardize IT management concepts and also to formulate a set of best practices that can serve as a comprehensive guideline to IT based organizations. In the UK, this concept was materialized by the formation of the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) during the 1980s. Many governments and organizations around the world have now accepted the guidelines as industry standard over the years. The purpose of this study is to establish wh ether ITIL provides the best practice guidelines for IT service management. The three points that will be used to establish the above is given here. The first is that the ITIL does provide comprehensive guidelines and framework for efficient information technology management. The second point is that the program can be incorporated into an IT management system either in its entirety or in part. The third point is that the program can be customized to suit the requirements of each individual organization. Comprehensive guidelines and ITIL: In order to understand whether the Library does provide comprehensive guidelines it is necessary to have a detailed overview of

Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky Inc Vs Williams Essay

Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky Inc Vs Williams - Essay Example Williams has been observed to be experiencing, in layman’s language, fatigue when she has to perform highly repetitive physical tasks. Primarily, in 1993, just three years into her job, she was working for the assembly line with pneumatic tools and was diagnosed with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome and bilateral tendonitis and her physician put her on permanent work restrictions. The company, in view of this, for the next two years sought other places in the organization where she could perform. During this period, she filed two cases on the organization one in the US District Court of Kentucky and the other under Kentucky workers compensation Act. The matter was settled and she resumed work in December 1993.Upon her return, she was placed in the quality Control department where one of her job requirements was to put oil on the car, which required her to keep her hands and arms at around shoulder level. Eventually, this led her to experience acute pain in shoulders and she wa s diagnosed inflammation in the neck and shoulder muscles. Her physician put her under work of no kind restriction. In December 1996, on her request to perform only the first two requirements of her job , which she can still manage without pain, her employer terminated her services on account of her poor attendance record. Williams filed a charge against her employer at the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Act and after getting permission sued them in the US District Court. Her claim was denied. The issue here is, she claimed that under ADA, which she used as a basis for suing her employer, is she actually eligible for the discrimination benefits? The first issue is that she can perform the core functions of life like eating, sleeping, performing hygiene related functions, dressing up even when she is allegedly ailing and at home. The second point to be considered is, her employer terminated her on her attendance record and not due to her disability.

Recent Trends in Privacy Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Recent Trends in Privacy - Article Example Companies do this by installing monitoring tools on the mobile phones of the employees (EY, 2014). However, the article warns organizations that they should ensure that the monitoring tools safeguard only essential information to avoid interfering with private information of workers. The next trend is the use of data analytics to conceal the information that companies get from consumers on social media. This is because social media users provide organizations with too much private information, and this means that such data needs to be safeguarded (EY, 2014). Therefore, the use of data analytics will protect information of social media users; for example, the data may be stored in encrypted forms to ensure that unauthorized persons are not able to read and understand its meaning. The last technique of privacy discussed in the article is the use of cloud service brokerage. The article, however, argues that companies need to analyze the use of this service to ensure that it does not threaten the privacy of information. EY, 2014. Privacy trends 2014: technology trends have privacy implications. EY building a better working world. Retrieved from

Scramble for and Acquisition of African Colonies Essay

Scramble for and Acquisition of African Colonies - Essay Example End of the trade left a gap for commerce between the two continents. Since the capitalists had benefited from the slave trade, they intended to exploit the continent in different ways such as encouraging the continent to agree to a ‘legitimate’ trade that could eventually lead to colonization. Capitalists identified potential markets for goods that would be exported from Europe and plotted the course of trade routes that would be used when ferrying goods from Europe to African countries. These routes could also be used to transport raw materials from Africa to Europe. They also used the African workforce to work on plantations, which mostly grew cash crops that were the main raw materials for manufacturing other goods. Such crops included coffee, rubber, timber, sugar and palm oil. Since the colonizers wanted to exploit the labor in the African countries, they resulted to colonizing these countries. This implies that economic reasons were the main contributors to the scr amble for Africa as well as the exploitation of the raw materials present in these regions. In conclusion, the scramble for African states by European powers was projected towards exploitation of the continent although the colonizers posed as explorers. The capitalists exploited the resources that the continent could offer including human resources and raw materials that they used to manufacture goods meant for the African market. Although exploration and capitalism contributed towards the scramble, the real reasons were economic related.

Detailed anaylsis of the main texts of these three thought systems Essay

Detailed anaylsis of the main texts of these three thought systems based on personal experience and knowing - Essay Example They are common in terms of theoretical deliberation and practical needs for communication, thereby paving a way for philosophical syncretism. This paper explores the greatest minds in traditional China through a close study of their most seminal teachings and texts specifically paying attention to Confucianism, Daoism, and Chinese Buddhism (Chan). The paper will discuss the main understanding of each thought based on texts and personal understanding. Confucianism was introduced in China by one of the most important thinkers called Confucius. Confucius was born in 551 B.C.E when China was experiencing a difficult political turmoil1. In his twenties, he started tutoring in different disciplines but wished to hold public office at a certain point in his lifetime. Confucius began a thirteen-year journey at the age of fifty travelling from one province to another offering the rulers of those provinces his services. However, he never got offers other than the one that he was offered in his home province of Shantung, but was too old to take it. Therefore, he decided to spend his remaining years teaching and editing the great Chinese classics. He died at 73 years of age. Although he never realized his political aspirations, he is considered as one the world’s greatest teachers and thinkers because of the ideas he developed and taught during his lifetime. Confucianism is a Chinese philosophical and ethical system that began with Confucius, who explored deeply on the basic principles that were to become the most important teachings of Confucianism. Confucianism is a complex system of social, political, moral, quasi-religious and philosophical thought that influenced the history and culture of East Asia, particularly China and still does today. Confucianism holds the belief that human beings are trainable, perfectible and improvable though communal and personal effort especially through self-creation and cultivation. The main idea that Confucianism brings

A&E Home Video Essay Example for Free

AE Home Video Essay Of course, in the19th Century urban setting of Wilde’s English play, this upward push of class identity would not come without an enormous price, and in many ways this can be said to be what his play is actually all about. In order to enter the upper-class, one must display all the refinement that this newfound status was meant to betray. Jack, the protagonist of Wilde’s play seems altogether contemptuous of all the pomposity that London and modern life has to offer. But this is not at all lost on Gwendolyn, the woman that he intends to marry. It is to her for whom this new modern idealism is all just a part of what makes him such an attractive suitor. She seems to express this right away. â€Å"We live, as I hope you know, Mr. Worthing, in an age of ideals. The fact is constantly mentioned in the more expensive monthly magazines, and has reached the provincial pulpits† (Wilde, 1895) Thus at times Jack steals away to the countryside where he can be more of himself; even as he has convinced others that he is Earnest. When his best friend Algernon asks him why he goes away he tells him â€Å"When one is in town, one amuses oneself. When one is in the country one amuses other people. † (Wilde, 1895) It is almost as if he means to say that poverty or better, the remoteness of the country setting offers him a more realistic outlook upon life than the smugness of London. For a time, almost effortlessly he uses one identity to escape one world and another identity to escape the other. Soon, we discover that Algernon has incorporated the same manner of fantasy into his own life. In Sure Thing culture, class, and status are triggers which appear to deliver attributes to strangers meeting each other for the very first time. Betty sits in the coffee shop reading a book as Bill attempts to approach her. Here, the affirmation of what is good or bad worthy or unworthy is often elicited from the audience’s response to the dialogue, as if post modern urban Americans have all but learned to pimp a bogus sense of idealism no different from Great Brittan more than a century ago. This is a world where a first impression maybe all that you have, and thus win or loose you only get once chance at failure, as Ives takes us through a drama that often resembles several rounds of speed dating. We hear his instant desire for acceptance when Bill makes several attempts to correct his earlier mistakes, as in this exchange: â€Å"Where was college? † â€Å"Oral Roberts College† (Bell) â€Å"Tech† (Bell) â€Å"Metro† (Bell) â€Å"Harvard† â€Å"Do you like Faulkner? † (Ives, 1988) This is a play meant to involve the audience as a part of the cast as well. As we look on, it is the judgment of the bell that gets our approval one pick up line after another. Ives does not have to bring the cynicism; we all know that this is all simply about sex and nothing more. What else could it be? He leaves the rest up to us to decide. It is the familiar game of boy meets girl and predictably she holds all the cards. Still, we are intrigued by the scenario, because in a sense it forces us to take a cynical look at ourselves and just what governs what we consider to be proper in our own lives. There is really no escaping it. While Bill has to spend the entire play going through the motions in order to discover just what it will take to get next to Betty, Jack ultimately comes to realize in the end that he actually is. There is no shortage of symbolism in either of these plays. Indeed, perhaps the saturation of metaphor is put immediately on notice with the title of Wilde’s play; The Importance of Being Earnest. In the end, we discover that this has much more meaning that we may have been led to believe. Although they wrote one hundred years apart, both of these writers attempt to place male-female relationships in a number of ‘what if’ situation, and both in their very own brilliant way force us to look squarely into the mirror of our own lives. You just have to ask yourself at some point: What motivated my own relationships? What was I searching for? Have I gone about this in the right way? They make us question the world and they make us think; sometimes they do a good job of making us laugh as well. Isn’t this what any good literature is supposed to do? Both of these plays take pains to provide us a view of the sometimes agonizing acrobatics that can often attend an encounter of boy meets girl. They are bold statements about the weight that outside social forces often have on intimate relationships. We have seen how the rise of the middle class in 19th Century London society had a strong effect upon human relationships. In a sense, we have discovered just how The Importance of Being Earnest was actually a response to the pretentious neurosis of the landed gentry of the UK during that time. So too, in Sure Thing, we were made to examine what we have learned about relationships in the aftermath of the sexual revolution. Here, we saw just how the fast-paced exchange of two strangers encountering one another for the very first time, forced the issue of the social and class perceptions during the waning years of the 20th Century. Even though these two playwrights wrote a century apart from one another, through our analysis of the plot and the motivations that undergirded both of these masterpieces of the stage, we were able to see just how much they actually had in common. Bibliography AE Home Video (Release Date: July 26, 2005) Biography: Oscar Wilde Ives, David, (1994) All in the timing: Six on-act comedies. Dramatist’s Play Service. (2008) (Director) Jason Salazar. Sure Thing as performed by the pigeon player’s theatre company. Retrieved at: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=XliV9M7-If4 Wilde, Oscar (2004) The importance of being earnest. Ist World Library

Birds of a Feather Essay Example for Free

Birds of a Feather Essay â€Å"If birds of a feather flock together, they don’t learn enough† ~Robert Half~ The first thing that comes to mind when reading this quote is a flock of geese. They all stick together. They learn from one another and what they learn they pass on to future generations. While this is how they learn to stay safe, they are â€Å"stuck† doing the same thing every day. After reading the quote a few more times and looking at it from â€Å"outside the box† I realized that the birds represent people. Throughout our lives we see examples of this same behavior. For example, in high school there are many â€Å"flocks† who all dress, talk, and express themselves similarly. Why? Because it makes them feel safe. The problem with it is that they spend so much time doing things just like the rest of their â€Å"flock† that when they graduate they have a hard time adjusting to the real world. They didn’t learn enough about other â€Å"flocks† to be able to function outside of their comfort zone. This quote originates from the idea of the ancient Greek philosopher Democritus (c.460 BC), who stated: `Creatures flock together with their kind, doves with doves, and cranes with cranes and so on. The author, Robert Half was a businessman When I looked up the quote on the internet I found that my findings were confirmed. The quote means you are only as smart as the people you surround yourself with. If you want to learn more and do more you have to be willing to open yourself up to exploring new things and talking to people outside of your comfort zone. Only then can you really learn.

Forrest Gump Book Vs Movie English Literature Essay

Forrest Gump Book Vs Movie English Literature Essay Forrest Gump: Book vs. Movie Written in 1986 by Winston Groom, Forrest Gump was eventually made into a movie in 1994 and won an Academy Award. Both the book and its film concern the title character, a man who goes through many obstacles and a number of historical events around the world. Although both works explore the character of Forrest Gump and his lifelong journeys, the original book differs in many ways from its film version. The film portrays Forrest as a charming, mentally challenged man who brightens not only the people around him, but the world itself through his numerous encounters with celebrities, his brushes with key historical events, and more important through his down to earth attitude. The overall tone of the book is much darker than that of the easy going family film. In the book, Forrest does drugs while visiting Harvard, uses profanity, explores a career as a professional wrestler, and even gambles. Although the character in the book seems to mean well, he makes many bad decisions and is sometimes has angry outbursts, unlike the character in the film. Forrest Gumps character in the novel is much different than that of the man portrayed by actor Tom Hanks. Grooms depiction of Gump is rougher, with Gump remaining very much a idiot throughout the entirety of the book, whereas by the end of the movie the character matures into a more thoughtful, wiser, and smarter person. Grooms Gump regularly enjoys marijuana, and although he does make his living from the shrimp business, his gives this business over to his crew deciding at the end of the novel to leave them to be a street performer. Gump is much more of an idiot in the book, rather than Hanks lovable, mentally challenged portrayal. In the book Forrest can solve complex mathematical equations and is a musical prodigy and a gifted chess player. A number of important characters die throughout the course of the movie. Although this develops Forrest Gump as a character and shows his growing maturity in the wake of tragedy, these characters do not die in the novel. Forrests love interests, Jenny, as well as his mother, both live on at the close of the novel. Forrests father is a dock worker rather than a white supremacist, and his mother never resorts to sexual favors in order to keep Forrest in school. In addition, important characters were left out of the film, including Forrests college roommate Curtis and a gorilla named Sue, whom Forrest befriends on his mission into space. Although Forrest takes part in historical events in both the movie and the book, a number of these events were altered, cancelled out completely, or invented for the movie. The book spans 26 chapters, while the film concerns itself with the first 11 chapters and certain events from the books final chapters, cancelling out a bunch of material. Forrest is a football star early in the book; however, he is later described as overweight and not the movie versions avid runner. Forrests run across the United States does not happen in the book, doesnt wear leg braces, doesnt marry Jenny, or even graduate college. The book also describes Forrests participation in a NASA mission into space, his time as an actor, his time spent amongst cannibals, and a scene in which he saves the life of Chairman Mao Zedong during a trip to China. These are some of the parts of the book that were cut from the film to keep it close to two hours. Now on to Forrest and Jenny relationship, we perceive that on the movie, they were actually friends. Their ups and downs show how Forrest loved Jenny, however she feels much sadness and compassion for him. She did not dream about marrying him or living with him. She had other intentions. In the book, she really loved Forrest, although being afraid of this feeling. She began one serious relationship with him and then finishes it when she sees him kissing another girl. Then, she decides to live far from Forrest, although being pregnant with his child. At last, we see one more time that the ideas of the director of the movie and the author of the book are very different. In the movie, after Jennys death, Forrest looks after his son, what reveals that one more time he is figured out as being more independent on the movie. In the book, Jenny marries another man and makes a family with little Forrest and her husband. She feels that Forrest would not be right raising the child. Compared towards books, movies loosely tend to focus more on gathering more people and earning more profit. In order for the movie to be profitable, it has to satisfy peoples desires by including love story, the success of an ordinary person, and a happy ending. The director of the movie would probably have taken the risk of changing much of the original story, because he knew that such components of the movie could more effectively bring the moviegoers and drive him to success.

Gene Therapy: the Danger of Enhancement Essay -- Science Medicine Ethi

Gene Therapy: the Danger of Enhancement I. Introduction Gene therapy has the potential to revolutionize modern medicine. The techniques of gene therapy are still in their infancy as medical treatments and there are still many problems which must be solved before gene therapy will live up to its potential. However, it is very likely that gene therapy will become a reality at some point in the future and when that time comes, the ethical questions surrounding gene therapy will be pushed to the forefront of medicine. Science may find a way to reduce the risks associated with gene therapy but science alone cannot eliminate the serious ethical and societal risks which gene therapy brings to bear on the world. We need to put people's fear about the dangers of altering the genetic makeup of human beings to rest by establishing ethical principles which clear the way for advancement in medical therapy. Ethical guidelines for gene therapy must be established which emphasize medical uses over uses for human enhancement. II. Concepts of Gene Therapy Gene therapy involves the transfer of genetic material into the cells of an organism in order to cause a specific protein to be produced or in order to cease the production of a specific protein. This procedure usually involves transferring a specific gene into host cells to be incorporated into the chromosomal DNA of the host and later to be expressed. However, according to Dorothy Bonn, the future of gene therapy may also include the use of antisense DNA strands to disrupt expression of a gene or the use of homologous recombination to alter host DNA (1996). In medical terms Jeffrey Leiden, M.D. (1995) defines gene therapy as, "the introduction and expression of recombinant genes in... ...Leiden, Jeffrey M. (1995, September 28). Gene therapy - promises and pitfalls." New England Journal of Medicine, pp. 871-872. Marshall, Eliot. (1995, December 15). Less hype, more biology needed for gene therapy. Science, p. 1751. Miller, Henry I. (1994, July 30). Gene therapy for enhancement. The Lancet, pp. 316-317. Nelkin, Dorothy. (1996, May-June). Genetics, god, and sacred DNA. Society, pp. 22- 25. Voelker, Rebecca. (1993, November 17). The genetic revolution: Despite perfection of elegant techniques, ethical answers still elusive. Journal of the American Medical Association, pp. 2273-2274. Wivel, Nelson A. and LeRoy Walters. (1993, October 22). Germ-line gene modifications and disease prevention: Some medical and ethical perspectives. Science, pp. 533-538. Wright, Richard T. (1989). Biology Through the Eyes of Faith. New York: HarperCollins. Gene Therapy: the Danger of Enhancement Essay -- Science Medicine Ethi Gene Therapy: the Danger of Enhancement I. Introduction Gene therapy has the potential to revolutionize modern medicine. The techniques of gene therapy are still in their infancy as medical treatments and there are still many problems which must be solved before gene therapy will live up to its potential. However, it is very likely that gene therapy will become a reality at some point in the future and when that time comes, the ethical questions surrounding gene therapy will be pushed to the forefront of medicine. Science may find a way to reduce the risks associated with gene therapy but science alone cannot eliminate the serious ethical and societal risks which gene therapy brings to bear on the world. We need to put people's fear about the dangers of altering the genetic makeup of human beings to rest by establishing ethical principles which clear the way for advancement in medical therapy. Ethical guidelines for gene therapy must be established which emphasize medical uses over uses for human enhancement. II. Concepts of Gene Therapy Gene therapy involves the transfer of genetic material into the cells of an organism in order to cause a specific protein to be produced or in order to cease the production of a specific protein. This procedure usually involves transferring a specific gene into host cells to be incorporated into the chromosomal DNA of the host and later to be expressed. However, according to Dorothy Bonn, the future of gene therapy may also include the use of antisense DNA strands to disrupt expression of a gene or the use of homologous recombination to alter host DNA (1996). In medical terms Jeffrey Leiden, M.D. (1995) defines gene therapy as, "the introduction and expression of recombinant genes in... ...Leiden, Jeffrey M. (1995, September 28). Gene therapy - promises and pitfalls." New England Journal of Medicine, pp. 871-872. Marshall, Eliot. (1995, December 15). Less hype, more biology needed for gene therapy. Science, p. 1751. Miller, Henry I. (1994, July 30). Gene therapy for enhancement. The Lancet, pp. 316-317. Nelkin, Dorothy. (1996, May-June). Genetics, god, and sacred DNA. Society, pp. 22- 25. Voelker, Rebecca. (1993, November 17). The genetic revolution: Despite perfection of elegant techniques, ethical answers still elusive. Journal of the American Medical Association, pp. 2273-2274. Wivel, Nelson A. and LeRoy Walters. (1993, October 22). Germ-line gene modifications and disease prevention: Some medical and ethical perspectives. Science, pp. 533-538. Wright, Richard T. (1989). Biology Through the Eyes of Faith. New York: HarperCollins.